No matter your life stage, managing your household budget is all about priorities--and trade-offs.
One of my friends wouldn't dream of skipping his opera outings, even though his season tickets cost an arm and a leg. To make up for his periodic musical splurges, he doesn't mind shopping at Aldi (in fact, he seems to rather like it) and handling his own landscaping and lawn-mowing.
For another person, however, that might be an unacceptable trade-off: Listening to music on CDs at home is just fine, thank you very much, if it means she gets to keep her landscaper and buy organic.
Finding the right balance between sacrifices and necessary splurges is a work in progress: Through a process of trial and error, individuals can identify which expenditures fall into the "must-have" category and which ones they can do without in a pinch.
In this column, I'll discuss some ideas for cutting your day-to-day living expenses. Note that this isn't an inclusive list, and a tip that's right for one person might not be right for another. (That's why some of these tips might seem to contradict one another.)
Food: Groceries/Staples
1. Go online or review sale fliers to see which grocery store has your favourite products on sale in a given week; just make sure that your savings cover any extra gas money when driving from place to place.
2. Buy frequently used items in bulk when they're on sale; freeze items you won't need soon.
3. Stock up during holiday season, when groceries often feature very low prices on basics like potatoes, onions, and baking supplies to get consumers in the door.
4. Resist the urge to overbuy perishables, even if they're on sale. The most expensive groceries are ones you throw out.
5. Eat more vegetarian meals. You'll likely save on grocery costs and accrue health benefits at the same time.
6. Make your own croutons, salad dressing, bread crumbs, granola, and pasta sauce. You can control the ingredients and they'll taste better, too.
7. Grow your own produce: Start small with high-cost, high-margin items like herbs, and graduate to tomatoes, peppers, and zucchini.
8. Print out your own grocery coupons where available; you can also bypass print coupons and use a coupon app on your smartphone.
9. If you live in a large urban center, shop at ethnic food stores, which may have good prices on basics as well as condiments that are often far more costly in supermarkets.
10. Packaged, processed food products are often discounted the most heavily, but don't skimp on healthful food like high-quality produce and dairy items. Investing in your own health and well-being will pay for itself many times over.
11. Brown-bag or bring leftovers for lunch rather than buying your lunch.
12. By a refillable water bottle and forgo purchased bottled water.
13. Brew your coffee or lattes at home versus going out for them.
14. Buy in bulk: Many stores offer a discounts when you buy in bulk.
15. Cut back on alcohol and make non-alcoholic spritzers instead. (Cranberry juice and San Pellegrino, anyone?)
16. Make your own household cleaners. (Baking soda and vinegar have many cleaning uses, and are earth-friendly, to boot.) Good online recipes abound.
17. Shop discount warehouses, but only if you won't buy more than you need.
18. Conduct an audit of your warehouse club usage. If you're only going a few times a year and you don't need many of the bulk items on offer, it may not be worth it to pay for the membership.
19. Investigate subscription prices on recurring purchases like diapers.
Edit Your Cart: Online Shopping
20. Watch out for shipping costs when buying on the Internet; they can quickly erode any savings you realize versus buying the item locally.
21. Be wary of how much you shopw online – it the thing in your cart a "nice to haves" or a "must haves"?
22. If you're using an online shopping service such as Amazon Prime, check out what additional services go along with your subscription, such as streaming video or photo storage. You may be able to cut back on paid services in those areas.
23. When shopping for discretionary items, impose a cooling-off period. If you see something you want, wait a week. If you still want it a week later, then pull the trigger.
24. If shopping online, try a virtual splurge. The process of putting the items you want into your shopping cart may provide a shopper's high, even if you don't end up forking over your credit card.
25. Refrain from storing your credit card information on an online retailer's website. Physically entering your information each time may cut down on impulse buys, and it's also safer from a security standpoint.
26. Look for online coupons. Typing a retailer's name into a search engine will also likely turn up a list of coupon codes for that firm.
Minimise and Maximise
27. Pay cash rather than using credit cards or checks. Having to hit the ATM and part with actual money can help discourage the desire to spend.
28. Minimize the amount of money you carry in your purse or wallet to help discourage spending on discretionary items such as coffee and magazines.
29. Have a garage (or basement) full of stuff you no longer need? Sell it!
30. Shop second-hand. Gently used or vintage items can be more distinctive than new ones, and giving items a second life is greener than buying new.
31. Hold a swap party with friends, where you all bring a few high-quality items that are no longer useful to you. Think kitchen equipment, decorative items for the home, clothes, or accessories.
32. Bargain when purchasing bigger-ticket goods such as appliances; you may have additional leverage if you're purchasing more than one item.
Call Me, Maybe: Utilities/Telecommunications
33. Run appliances at off-peak hours when usage rates are lower.
34. Switch to CFL bulbs or dimmed lights (dimmed lights use less electricity, and may promote romance!).
35. Conduct an energy audit of your home (for example, check air leaks through window & door frames, and attics).
36. Turn down heat (or turn up your air-conditioning, depending on the season and the climate where you live). In colder climates, learn to love fleece and buy a warm comforter for your bed.
37. Switch from a premium cable package to a basic one.
38. If you like your current cable package but it's been getting more expensive, call your provider to see if you can take advantage of any discount packages available. If that fails, threatening to drop your package should get you results.
39. Do you really need ALL the streaming services?
40. If you aren't using electrical items, turn them off or unplug them.
41. Switch to energy-efficient appliances when it's time to replace (or even if it isn't).
42. Only do full loads of laundry.
43. Hang clothes, sheets, and towels out on the line to dry in the breeze.
44. Fill your dishwasher before running it rather than cleaning partial loads.
45. Drop your phone landline and use your cell phone exclusively instead.
46. Conduct an audit of your cell-phone usage: Cut cell-phone minutes or switch providers. Light cell-phone users are likely to find a prepaid service is more cost-effective than an ongoing subscription. If you're not a heavy data user, you may be able to get by with just using wi-fi to access data from your phone.
47. Consider sharing cell-phone service with family members or friends; you can usually add additional lines for a small charge per month.
Drive Me to the Moon: Gasoline/Auto
48. Switch to a more fuel-efficient vehicle. This can be a particularly good idea if you log a lot of miles on the road, but it might not be cost-effective if you don't drive as much.
49. If you don't log many miles, investigate a car-sharing service, such as Zipcar, or rent a car rather than paying for maintenance and insurance for your own vehicle.
50. Ride shares like Uber or Lyft, can be more cost-effective than Taxis.
51. When using ride shares, compare between services providers for the cheaper rate.
52. Bike or walk to your destinations, or use public transportation where safe, rather than driving.
53. Wash your car at home rather than paying for car-washing services.
54. If you live in a place with variable fuel prices, seek the lowest priced options
Honey, I’m Home: House Maintenance
55. Cut your own grass and tackle your own landscaping. You'll save money and improve your fitness level, too.
56. Reduce your dependence on chemical-based lawn-maintenance services. Your grass might not be as perfect, but you'll have more money in your pocket and fewer chemicals on your lawn.
57. Drop your house-cleaning service or switch from once-weekly service to once every other week.
You Look Great: Personal Care
58. Experiment with drugstore brands to replace expensive department-store cosmetics.
59. Do your own manicures and pedicures.
60. Stop buying dry-clean-only clothes; learn to iron instead.
61. Walk, bike, run, or work out at a community recreation center rather than paying gym fees.
Peace of Mind: Insurance
62. Ask if you can qualify for discounts by consolidating homeowners and auto policies with a single firm.
63. Shop around for the best auto and homeowners insurance rates rather than automatically renewing with your current carrier.
64. Ask for a loyalty discount if you decide to stick with the same insurer.
65. Think twice before making small claims on auto and homeowners insurance; the resultant bump-up in premiums could cost you far more than paying for the fix out of pocket.
66. Skip extended warranties. If replacing an item like a computer or a refrigerator wouldn't put you in a financial bind, it's usually not worth insuring it.
67. Be scrupulous about paying your bills on time--and not just your insurance bills. Those with the highest credit ratings will qualify for the most advantageous rates.
68. Never let your policies lapse; you may pay a surcharge to reinitiate coverage.
69. Raise your deductible on your auto insurance, especially if you have a history of safe driving and you can afford to pay for smaller fixes out of pocket. Drop or reduce the collision and comprehensive coverage on your auto policy if you drive an older vehicle or one with high mileage.
70. Raise your deductible on your homeowners insurance but ask for a comparison first; the decrease in your premiums may be negligible.
71. Make sure the your homeowners insurance provider is using a realistic value for your home's replacement cost; the value of the land shouldn't be included.
72. Live in a disaster-prone area? See if you can qualify for a reduction in homeowners insurance rates by making your home more resistant to natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes.
73. Ask your insurer if having a home-alarm system or sprinkler system qualifies you for a discounted insurance rate.
74. Paying extra to insure valuable personal articles like jewelry and collectibles? Make sure you still own the items covered. And even if you do, they might be covered under your basic homeowners policy.
Costly Credit Cards
75. Investigate what perks come along with your credit card, such as extended warranties or insurance on car rentals.
76. Switch to a credit card with no annual fee, especially if you're finding it difficult to actually take advantage of the so-called rewards that your rewards card offers.
77. Investigate no-fee cards that pay you cash or rebates back on everyday purchases. Just be sure to read the fine print to ensure that your spending doesn't have to hit a specific level before the cash-back offer kicks in.
78. If you carry a balance, call your credit card provider to ask for a reduction in your current interest rate. If that doesn't work, transfer the balance to a card that offers a lower rate. (Just make sure to take stock of any balance-transfer, application, or processing fees; also make sure that your new rate isn't a teaser rate that will shoot higher before you've paid off your balance.)
79. Travel overseas frequently? Avoid foreign transaction fees, which can run as high as 2% or 3%, by switching to a card that offers no foreign transaction fees.
80. Carry a balance on multiple cards? Consolidate those balances in the account that offers the most attractive rate. Again, be careful not to trigger new balance-transfer, application, or processing fees.
81. Investigate credit unions, which may offer higher yields and better loan and credit card rates than banks with a big brick-and-mortar presence (and more overhead expenses).
Don’t Go to the Bank!
82. Look for a no-fee banking, when you can; at this point, it's not difficult to find no-fee, no minimum balance. Online savings accounts can also be a great deal, often offering much higher yields than are available via conventional banks.
83. Don't keep more in a non- or minimal-interest-bearing checking account than you need to; shop around for an account that doesn't require a minimum balance and park the rest of your cash in a higher-yielding money market fund or certificate of deposit.
84. If you'd like to stick with your current bank but avoid extra fees, ask if your bank will waive fees if you sign on for additional services.
85. Don't buy checks from your bank.
86. Avoid overdraft fees by keeping close tabs on your monthly balance or linking your savings account to your checking.
87. Opt out of overdraft protection, which means that the bank will cover you--and charge you a hefty fee--if you overdraw your account.
88. Watch ATM fees, either by sticking with your bank's ATMs or opting for a bank that will offer rebates if you use an out-of-network ATM.
89. Pay bills online.
Odds and Ends
90. Don't pay for tax-preparation services, especially if you have a straightforward tax return. Many communities offer free tax-preparation assistance.
91. Beware of "rapid refund" offers from tax-preparation firms, which are little more than high-interest loans. If you file your taxes electronically, your refund will come more quickly than you might think.
92. Don't use prepaid credit cards as gifts for friends and family. Fees can be very high, and cash is much more flexible.
93. Consolidate your investments with a single firm so that you may qualify for lower-cost share classes and lower commission rates.
94. Shop around for a brokerage that doesn't charge any fees to maintain an account.
95. Don't overpay for mutual funds.
96. Use a low-turnover strategy to reduce the toll that commissions can exact on your investment account's bottom line. If you actively trade a portion of your portfolio, switch to a provider that offers free online stock and ETF trades.
97. Use limit orders when trading low-liquidity securities to avoid being gouged by large bid-ask spreads; such orders ensure that you'll only pay a specific, predetermined price for any securities you're buying.
98. Don't pay for more financial-planning advice than you actually need. If you need help with a specific task, such as a one-time portfolio overhaul, the hourly model will be more cost-effective than paying a percentage of your assets on an ongoing basis.
99. Ask for very specific annual cost estimates before signing on for a complicated and costly financial product, such as a variable annuity. If you're seeing costs of more than 2% or 3% per year, ask your financial advisor whether there are cheaper ways to achieve the same general goals.
100. Mind the tax drag of non-retirement accounts.
A version of this article first appeared on Morningstar.com in 2011.
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